SOCR Data NIPS InfantVitK ShotData - Revision history

Dinov at 14:43, 12 September 2014

2014-09-12T14:43:11Z

IvoDinov: /* Classroom use of this data set */

2012-04-10T23:33:42Z

‎Classroom use of this data set

IvoDinov: /* References */

2012-04-10T23:26:34Z

‎References

IvoDinov: /* References */

2012-04-10T23:26:24Z

‎References

IvoDinov: /* Summary */

2012-04-10T23:23:21Z

‎Summary

IvoDinov at 23:22, 10 April 2012

2012-04-10T23:22:15Z

IvoDinov at 23:21, 10 April 2012

2012-04-10T23:21:35Z

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IvoDinov: Created page with '== SOCR Data - SOCR Body Density Data == ==Summary== This is a comprehensive dataset that lists estimates of the percentage of body fat determined by underwater weighing and…'

2012-04-10T22:51:18Z

Created page with '== SOCR Data - SOCR Body Density Data == ==Summary== This is a comprehensive dataset that lists estimates of the percentage of body fat determined by underwater weighing and…'

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== [[SOCR Data]] - SOCR Body Density Data ==

==Summary==
This is a comprehensive dataset that lists estimates of the percentage of body fat determined by underwater weighing and various body circumference measurements for 252 men.

==Classroom use of this data set==
[[Image:SOCR_Data_Dinov_BMI_062408_Fig1.png|150px|thumbnail|right| [http://www.stat.ucla.edu/%7Edinov/courses_students.dir/07/Fall/STAT13.1.dir/STAT13_notes.dir/BMI_Calculator.html Body Mass Index] ]]

This data set can be used to illustrate multiple regression techniques. Accurate measurement of body fat is inconvenient/costly and it is desirable to have easy methods of estimating body fat that are cost-effective and convenient.

References to the [http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp BMI index by country/region] and [http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y3557E/y3557e13.htm#v per capita food consumption and undernourishment (calories)] may be appropriate when discussing BMI.

==Siri's Equation==
A variety of popular health books suggest that the readers assess their health, at least in part, by estimating their percentage of body fat. In Bailey (1994), for instance, the reader can estimate body fat from tables using their age and various skin-fold measurements obtained by using a caliper. Other texts give predictive equations for body fat using body circumference measurements (e.g. abdominal circumference) and/or skin-fold measurements ([[SOCR_Data_BMI_Regression#References | Behnke and Wilmore, 1974, pp. 66-67; Wilmore, 1976, p. 247; or Katch and McArdle, 1977, pp. 120-132]]).

Percentage of body fat for an individual can be estimated once body density has been determined. Siri (1956) assumes that the body consists of two components - lean body tissue and fat tissue.
* Suppose we let:
** ''D'' = Body Density (gm/cm3)
** ''A'' = proportion of lean body tissue
** ''B'' = proportion of fat tissue (A+B=1)
** ''a'' = density of lean body tissue (gm/cm3)
** ''b'' = density of fat tissue (gm/cm3)
*Then, we have <math>D = {1 \over {A \over a} + {B\over b}}</math> and solving for ''B'' we find
<math>B = {1\over D}\times{a b\over a-b} - {b\over a-b}</math>. Using the estimates ''a=1.10 gm/cm3'' and ''b=0.90 gm/cm3'' ([[SOCR_Data_BMI_Regression#References | Katch and McArdle, 1977, p. 111 or Wilmore, 1976, p. 123]]) we come up with '''Siri's equation''': Percentage of Body Fat <math>PBF = 100\times B = {495\over D} - 450</math>.

==Estimation of Body Density (BD)==
Volume, and hence body density, can be accurately measured a variety of ways. The technique of underwater weighing ''computes body volume as the difference
between body weight measured in air and weight measured during water
submersion. In other words, body volume is equal to the loss of weight in
water with the appropriate temperature correction for the water's density'' (Katch and McArdle, 1977, p. 113). Using this technique, <math>BD = {WA\over {WA-WW\over CF} - LV}</math>, where
* ''WA'' = Weight in air (kg)
* ''WW'' = Weight in water (kg)
* ''CF'' = Water correction factor. CF=1 at 4o C (Celsius) as one-gram of water occupies exactly one cm3 of space, and CF=0.997 at 25o C)
* ''LV'' = Residual Lung Volume (liters) [[SOCR_Data_BMI_Regression#References | Katch and McArdle (1977), p. 115]].
Other methods of determining body volume are given in [[SOCR_Data_BMI_Regression#References | Behnke and Wilmore, 1974, p. 22]].

==BMI Calculators==
There are many body-mass-index calculators. Here are some examples:
* [http://www.stat.ucla.edu/%7Edinov/courses_students.dir/07/Fall/STAT13.1.dir/STAT13_notes.dir/BMI_Calculator.html This BMI calculator] allows data in various formats and includes interpretations of the results.
* [http://www.nutritiondata.com/tools/calories-burned This is a complex BMI calculator that also computes your daily burned calories (based on your life-style) and estimates your daily calorie intake].

==Data Description==
The body density dataset includes the following 15 variables listed from left to right:
* Density determined from underwater weighing
* Percent body fat from [[SOCR_Data_BMI_Regression#References | Siri's (1956) equation]]
* Age (years)
* Weight (kg)
* Height (cm)
* Neck circumference (cm)
* Chest circumference (cm)
* Abdomen 2 circumference (cm)
* Hip circumference (cm)
* Thigh circumference (cm)
* Knee circumference (cm)
* Ankle circumference (cm)
* Biceps (extended) circumference (cm)
* Forearm circumference (cm)
* Wrist circumference (cm)
* '''Notes'''
** The measurement standards are listed in Benhke and Wilmore, 1974, pp. 45-48, where, for instance, the abdomen 2 circumference is ''measured laterally, at the level of the iliac crests, and anteriorly, at the umbilicus''.
** These data are used to produce the predictive equations for lean body weight given in the abstract ''Generalized body composition prediction equation for men using simple measurement techniques'', K.W. Penrose, A.G. Nelson, A.G. Fisher, FACSM, Human Performance Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 as listed in ''Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise'', vol. 17, no. 2, April 1985, p. 189.
** The predictive equations were obtained from ''training'' data (the first 143 of the 252 cases that are listed in the spreadsheet below). The remaining 109 cases may be used for ''testing''.
** These data were generously supplied by Dr. A. Garth Fisher who gave permission to freely distribute the data and use for non-commercial purposes.
** The data is also available [http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/niser/uploads/0/0d/NISER_Data_BMI_Regression_Dataset.pdf in PDF format].
** The [http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~dinov/courses_students.dir/07/Fall/STAT13.1.dir/STAT13_notes.dir/BMI_Calculator.html body-mass-index is defined by]: <math>BMI = {Weight(kg)\over Height^2(m)}</math>.

==Data Table==
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:75%" border="1"
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|}
</center>

==References==
*

<hr>
* SOCR Home page: http://www.SOCR.ucla.edu

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	* SOCR Home page: http://www.SOCR.ucla.edu		* SOCR Home page: http://www.SOCR.ucla.edu

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 ==References==
-* Lawrence J, Alcock D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C. (1993 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8413140 The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain], Neonatal Network, 12:59-66.
+* Lawrence J, Alcock D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C. (1993) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8413140 The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain], Neonatal Network, 12:59-66.
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 ==References==
+* Lawrence J, Alcock D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C. (1993 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8413140 The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain], Neonatal Network, 12:59-66.
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 ==Summary==
-These data include 79 babies (infants) in a control group (NC) and 79 babies in the intervention (Interv) group. The '''intervention''' group babies were held by their mothers prior to, and during the administering of the shot -- “Kangaroo Care”.  NIPS scores were recorded immediately after the shot was administered, after 30 seconds, one minute, and two minutes.
+These data include 79 babies (infants) in a control group (NC) and 79 babies in the intervention (Interv) group. The '''control''' group babes were handled using conventional methods. The '''intervention''' group babies were held by their mothers prior to, and during the administering of the shot -- “Kangaroo Care”.  NIPS scores were recorded immediately after the shot was administered, after 30 seconds, one minute, and two minutes.
 ==Background==

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 ==Classroom use of this data set==
-[[Image:SOCR_Data_Dinov_BMI_062408_Fig1.png|150px|thumbnail|right| [http://www.stat.ucla.edu/%7Edinov/courses_students.dir/07/Fall/STAT13.1.dir/STAT13_notes.dir/BMI_Calculator.html Body Mass Index] ]]
+[[Image:SOCR_Data_NIPS_InfantVitK_ShotData_Fig1.png|250px|thumbnail|right| Interactions between Groups and NIPS scores]]
 This data set can be used to illustrate (multivariate, logistic) [[SOCR_EduMaterials_AnalysesActivities| regression analyses]], [http://socr.ucla.edu/htmls/ana/ non-parametric tests], and diverse array of [[SOCR_EduMaterials_ChartsActivities|exploratory data analyses]].
 ==Data Description==