Difference between revisions of "AP Statistics Curriculum 2007 Estim Proportion"
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=== Estimating a Population Proportion=== | === Estimating a Population Proportion=== | ||
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| − | == | + | When the sample size is large, the sampling distribution of the sample proportion <math>\hat{p}</math> is approximately Normal, by [[AP_Statistics_Curriculum_2007_Limits_CLT |CLT]], as the sample proportion may be presented as a [[AP_Statistics_Curriculum_2007_Limits_Norm2Bin |sample average or Bernoulli random variables]]. When the sample size is small, the normal approximation may be inadequate. To accommodate this we will modify <math>\hat{p}</math> slightly |
| − | + | : <math>\hat{p}={y\over n} \longrightarrow \tilde{y}={y+0.5z_{\alpha \over 2}^2 \over n+z_{\alpha \over 2}^2},</math> | |
| + | where [[AP_Statistics_Curriculum_2007_Normal_Critical | <math>z_{\alpha \over 2}</math> is the normal critical value we saw earlier]]. | ||
| − | + | The standard error of <math>\hat{p}</math> also needs a slight modification | |
| + | : <math>SE_{\hat{p}} = \sqrt{\hat{p}(1-\hat{p})\over n} \longrightarrow SE_{\tilde{p}} = \sqrt{\tilde{p}(1-\tilde{p})\over n+z_{\alpha \over 2}^2}.</math> | ||
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| + | ===Confidence intervals for proportions=== | ||
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| + | The confidence intervals for the sample proportion <math>\hat{p}</math> and the corrected-sample-proportion <math>\tilde{p}</math> are given by | ||
| + | : <math>\hat{p}\pm z_{\alpha\over 2} SE_{\hat{p}}</math> | ||
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| + | :<math>\tilde{p}\pm z_{\alpha\over 2} SE_{\tilde{p}}</math> | ||
===Model Validation=== | ===Model Validation=== | ||
Revision as of 00:17, 4 February 2008
Contents
General Advance-Placement (AP) Statistics Curriculum - Estimating a Population Proportion
Estimating a Population Proportion
When the sample size is large, the sampling distribution of the sample proportion \(\hat{p}\) is approximately Normal, by CLT, as the sample proportion may be presented as a sample average or Bernoulli random variables. When the sample size is small, the normal approximation may be inadequate. To accommodate this we will modify \(\hat{p}\) slightly \[\hat{p}={y\over n} \longrightarrow \tilde{y}={y+0.5z_{\alpha \over 2}^2 \over n+z_{\alpha \over 2}^2},\] where \(z_{\alpha \over 2}\) is the normal critical value we saw earlier.
The standard error of \(\hat{p}\) also needs a slight modification \[SE_{\hat{p}} = \sqrt{\hat{p}(1-\hat{p})\over n} \longrightarrow SE_{\tilde{p}} = \sqrt{\tilde{p}(1-\tilde{p})\over n+z_{\alpha \over 2}^2}.\]
Confidence intervals for proportions
The confidence intervals for the sample proportion \(\hat{p}\) and the corrected-sample-proportion \(\tilde{p}\) are given by \[\hat{p}\pm z_{\alpha\over 2} SE_{\hat{p}}\]
\[\tilde{p}\pm z_{\alpha\over 2} SE_{\tilde{p}}\]
Model Validation
Checking/affirming underlying assumptions.
- TBD
Computational Resources: Internet-based SOCR Tools
- TBD
Examples
Computer simulations and real observed data.
- TBD
Hands-on activities
Step-by-step practice problems.
- TBD
References
- TBD
- SOCR Home page: http://www.socr.ucla.edu
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