SOCR Data April2009 ID NI

Data Overview

Neuroimaging Data

The prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain in front of the premotor areas. Prefrontal cortex includes cytoarchitectonic layer IV and includes three regions: orbitofrontal (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior and ventral cingulate cortex. Human brains are much distinct from the brains of other primates and apes specifically in the prefrontal cortex. These structural differences induce significant functional abilities which may account for the significant associating, planning and strategic thinking in humans, compared to other primates. The study below investigated the quantitative differences between the the PFC volumes across species and tissue types.

Data Description

• ICV – intracranial volume
• PFC – prefrontal cortex
• GM – gray matter
• Total – total volume
• WM – white matter
• SEM – standard error of the mean

Data: Total, GM and WM volumes of ICV and PFC across species

	Cerebrum ICV (mm3)			PFC (mm3)			% PFC/ICV
	Total	GM	WM	Total	GM	WM
Human	1,206,129	535,956	670,174	156,443	82,346	74,097	12.97067%
Bonobo	272,837	125,469	147,368	25,374	15,382	9,993	9.300058%
Chimpanzee	277,843	123,858	153,985	30,324	17,234	13,091	10.91408%
Gorilla	389,681	170,505	219,176	41,655	23,419	18,235	10.68951%
Orangutan	333,075	154,293	178,781	33,763	21,193	12,570	10.13676%
Gibbon	65,938	32,418	33,520	6,302	3,994	2,307	9.557463%
Mangabey	82,495	37,985	44,510	6,599	3,804	2,794	7.999273%
Baboon	130,600	58,615	71,985	11,660	6,530	5,130	8.928025%
Macaca	69,875	31,841	38,034	5,579	2,813	2,766	7.984258%
Capuchin	58,581	29,358	29,223	5,835	3,293	2,542	9.960567%
Squirrel(monkey)	21,542	9,785	11,756	1,820	1,094	727	8.448612%

Data: Average percentage of cortical measure designated prefrontal

	Total (mm3)		GM (mm3)		WM
	mean	SEM	mean	SEM	mean	SEM
Human	12.97	0.3	14.4	0.3	10.9	0.4
Bonobo	9.30	0.3	11.9	0.4	6.8	0.4
Chimpanzee	10.91	0.8	14.1	1.1	8.3	0.7
Gorilla	10.68	0.5	13.7	0.8	8.3	0.2
Orangutan	10.13	0.6	14.1	0.5	7.5	0.6
Gibbon	9.55	0.7	12.3	1.2	6.9	0
Mangabey	7.99	0.6	9.8	0.7	6.2	0.8
Baboon	8.92	1.4	11.2	0.5	7.5	2
Macaca	7.98	0.6	8.8	0.3	7.3	0.9
Capuchin	9.96	0.1	11.4	0.5	8.6	0.2
Squirrel(monkey)	8.44	0.6	10.6	1	6.3	0.3

References

• Schoenemann, PT., Sheehan, MJ., Glotzer, DL. (2005) Prefrontal white matter volume is disproportionately larger in humans than in other primates. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 242–252. doi:10.1038/nn1394.

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