SOCR Data N46 TBI ROI Volumes

Data Overview

TBI Brain Mapping

Examine the precise nature of localized brain atrophy in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) using non-invasive imaging methods may provide predictive biomarkers to identify patients at risk to develop Posttraumatic Epilepsy (PTE). Automated shape and volume analysis technique can disclose the presence of focal alteration in patients’ thalami after acute Traumatic Brain Injury.

Data Description and Variable Specification

Missing data were imputed using R's MI package.

• ID: Unique subject identifier
• Demographic variables:
  • age: subject age at injury time
  • sex: Males (0) and Females (1)
• GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)
  • field.gcs
  • er.gcs
  • icu.gcs
  • worst.gcs
• GOSE (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale)
  • X6m.gose
  • X2013.gose
• Injury Type
  • skull.fx
  • temp.injury
  • surgery
• PERSYT SPIKE DETECTION (EEG)
  • spikes.hr
  • min.hr
  • max.hr
• Seizures: indicators of presence or absence of seizures
  • acute.sz: at acute state
  • late.sz: at chronic state
  • ever.sz: lifetime to date
• Acute: observations typically within hours or days of injury
• Chronic: observations 6-16 months following injury
• Neuroimaging Morphometry measures
  • Global Measures (either at acute or chronic state):
    • TBV: total intercranial volume
    • GM: total Gray Matter volume
    • WM: Total White matter volume
    • CSF: total cerebro-spinal fluid in the brain
  • Local Measures of 56-ROI's: volumes of these regions of interest (either at acute or chronic state)

Dataset

Demographic and Clinical Data

ID	DEMOGRAPHICS		GCS				GOSE		INJURY_CHARACTERISTICS			PERSYT_SPIKE_DETECTION			SEIZURES
ID	age	sex(m0f1)	field.gcs	er.gcs	icu.gcs	worst.gcs	X6m.gose	X2013.gose	skull.fx	temp.injury	surgery	spikes.hr	min.hr	max.hr	acute.sz	late.sz	ever.sz
1	19	0	10	10	10	10	5	5	0	1	1	31	18	329	1	1	1
2	55	0	9	3	3	3	5	7	1	1	1	169	14	757	0	1	1
3	24	0	12	12	8	8	7	7	1	0	0	37	0	351	0	0	0
4	57	1	4	4	6	4	3	3	1	1	1	4	0	59	0	0	0
5	54	1	14	11	8	8	5	7	0	1	1	55	0	284	0	0	0
7	21	0	3	3	6	3	3	3	1	0	1	98	0	39	0	0	0
9	30	0	3	9	3	3	3	5	1	1	1	44	0	367	0	1	1
10	38	0	3	6	6	3	3	3	1	1	1	46	4	107	0	1	1
11	43	0	8	7	7	7	6	7	1	0	1	8	0	72	0	0	0
12	40	0	12	14	14	12	7	8	0	1	1	27	0	125	0	0	0
13	21	0	12	13	9	9	7	7	1	0	1	-140	-34	19	0	1	1
14	35	1	6	5	6	5	5	7	1	1	0	65	0	655	1	1	1
15	59	0	14	14	0	0	8	8	1	1	0	104	29	719	0	0	0
16	32	0	5	6	3	3	4	5	1	0	0	99	-17	351	0	0	0
17	31	0	7	3	9	3	5	7	1	0	0	4	0	28	0	0	0
18	57	0	4	3	7	3	3	3	0	1	1	-150	-30	-303	0	1	1
19	18	0	4	3	6	3	5	3	1	1	1	40	-37	97	0	1	1
20	48	0	3	8	7	3	5	7	0	0	0	119	32	-73	0	0	0
22	22	0	3	3	3	3	2	2	1	1	1	10	0	80	0	1	1
23	20	0	15	14	13	13	5	8	1	1	1	144	9	410	0	1	1
24	41	0	3	3	6	3	3	7	1	0	0	36	-8	397	0	0	0
25	27	0	15	13	6	6	6	7	1	0	1	90	-6	290	0	0	0
26	23	0	14	14	7	7	4	7	1	1	1	46	-13	92	0	0	0
27	36	0	3	3	3	3	5	6	0	0	0	58	3	664	0	1	1
28	83	1	14	14	9	9	5	5	0	1	1	209	42	641	1	1	1
29	26	0	5	7	5	5	6	7	0	1	0	-13	-15	152	0	0	0
31	23	0	12	13	13	12	3	7	1	0	1	75	13	155	0	0	0
32	45	0	6	6	6	6	3	6	0	0	1	105	-17	483	0	0	0
33	18	0	8	8	7	7	7	7	0	0	0	7	0	20	0	1	1
34	34	0	7	7	3	3	4	6	0	1	1	48	0	226	0	1	1
35	19	0	3	7	7	3	7	8	0	0	0	97	0	300	0	0	0
36	77	1	3	6	3	3	3	3	1	1	0	7	0	31	0	1	1
37	75	0	14	14	12	7	5	8	1	0	0	6	0	42	0	1	1
38	25	0	14	18	6	6	8	8	0	0	1	30	0	175	1	0	1
39	62	1	12	8	8	8	3	3	0	1	1	6	0	33	0	1	1
40	41	0	7	3	7	3	5	5	1	1	1	2	0	23	0	1	1
41	60	0	3	12	7	3	3	5	1	1	0	4	0	12	0	1	1
42	29	1	9	14	3	3	8	7	1	0	1	43	-13	504	0	1	1
43	48	0	12	12	11	11	6	7	0	0	1	5	0	43	0	0	0
44	41	0	3	3	3	3	2	2	1	1	0	1	0	15	1	1	1
45	34	0	6	8	3	3	3	3	1	1	1	214	3	824	1	1	1
46	25	1	6	8	3	3	8	7	0	1	0	2	0	36	0	0	0

Acute State Neuroimaging Data

Acute(mm3)	TBV	GM	WM	CSF	Background	L_superior_frontal_gyrus	R_middle_frontal_gyrus	R_precuneus	cerebellum	L_angular_gyrus	R_cingulate_gyrus	L_middle_temporal_gyrus	R_lingual_gyrus	L_superior_temporal_gyrus	L_fusiform_gyrus	R_superior_parietal_gyrus	R_inferior_occipital_gyrus	L_parahippocampal_gyrus	R_caudate	L_inferior_temporal_gyrus	brainstem	L_superior_parietal_gyrus	R_precentral_gyrus	L_middle_frontal_gyrus	L_lingual_gyrus	L_postcentral_gyrus	R_inferior_temporal_gyrus	L_putamen	R_inferior_frontal_gyrus	R_insular_cortex	L_inferior_frontal_gyrus	R_supramarginal_gyrus	R_gyrus_rectus	L_inferior_occipital_gyrus	R_putamen	L_superior_occipital_gyrus	R_middle_orbitofrontal_gyrus	R_postcentral_gyrus	L_precentral_gyrus	R_lateral_orbitofrontal_gyrus	L_cingulate_gyrus	L_lateral_orbitofrontal_gyrus	R_fusiform_gyrus	L_supramarginal_gyrus	R_parahippocampal_gyrus	R_superior_frontal_gyrus	L_middle_orbitofrontal_gyrus	R_cuneus	R_superior_occipital_gyrus	L_gyrus_rectus	R_angular_gyrus	R_middle_occipital_gyrus	R_middle_temporal_gyrus	L_precuneus	L_cuneus	L_caudate	L_hippocampus	R_hippocampus	R_superior_temporal_gyrus	L_middle_occipital_gyrus	L_insular_cortex	L_Thalamus	R_Thalamus
2	1458326	400182	737989	320155	2851490	79891	50936	13450	139564	22266	19285	27932	21430	26588	20095	32781	10580	6797	3144	20895	43711	32574	27752	60378	20586	27865	21814	1584	34150	11280	30430	11723	3896	9949	4737	10488	13021	29917	35581	4883	16271	6459	16393	10463	10392	84613	11885	7633	11540	4085	21346	34046	31597	16628	7360	1347	3445	3419	31320	24888	7203	3000	3000
3	1317087.125	640414.4375	532688.375	143984.25	2855698	70210	39167	14099	173202	23597	23250	28123	19632	30703	20755	28539	8000	7195	2893	23327	38714	32526	28343	65575	18459	23239	20843	3375	34054	9784	28513	10811	3516	9214	2332	9778	12660	25625	34150	8430	17065	9250	14456	11210	8910	80746	11959	6829	10540	4073	19400	29755	31032	13972	7584	2240	4667	4209	31213	26147	12188	2369	2415
4	1181208	607794.375	415649.0625	157764.6406	2856337	68170	43298	14525	155271	18958	24073	25963	19013	29486	24082	30594	7563	7854	3828	22195	40435	33134	29638	60258	22354	25765	23693	4690	34328	10155	30150	11416	3474	10895	3661	8248	13406	26172	36793	6764	16041	7481	14711	11345	10104	85110	12711	6835	10502	3194	20247	27616	31916	16875	8877	3431	4629	4431	31996	20291	10794	1906	2018
5	1222690.875	408293.1563	644690.125	169707.6406	2849749	68755	40592	13611	154559	23097	22177	30225	21223	32813	22345	31424	9399	7320	3953	27955	34105	33624	29020	69563	18247	23978	21569	4136	35180	11610	31114	11587	3027	8574	3653	9387	14211	25176	34093	8258	13994	8143	15407	13201	9422	76441	11047	8619	11329	3816	21806	30408	31876	14129	5761	2284	4863	4315	32703	25920	10983	2316	1885
7	1276169	598918.875	514287.0625	162963.125	2879988	63410	44481	11934	129159	20428	23006	27032	21430	27619	23800	30790	11931	6826	2534	25605	35617	31251	26653	62919	20466	25678	21422	4703	36208	9945	30557	11232	3800	9356	3407	9248	14425	26412	32752	6529	17674	8924	18064	12779	10549	80933	13740	7195	12371	2301	21271	30866	31523	16496	7442	3189	4515	4157	31859	27075	10300	2808	3856
9	1262723	518852	533773	210098	2879268	60553	51387	12282	174414	24330	18067	21806	19253	27001	8080	29001	13508	6701	2347	13107	46917	32567	29891	55237	17183	28175	22136	2783	46850	8368	29623	12939	4144	6729	2065	10847	17183	27107	38211	9241	18202	6077	17102	12299	9317	52143	12738	7177	11433	4409	21782	37195	35140	16439	8268	1772	2421	3815	27610	26503	4633	2882	2064
10	1177401.125	563714.9375	438628.25	175057.9531	2908264	69169	43283	14031	93213	23427	21485	30043	19882	31107	23818	29916	9088	6985	3831	29251	36775	30309	28442	68612	19551	25238	22971	4384	32760	8493	28453	13092	3452	8506	3833	9202	12475	26909	34473	5447	16353	6884	16128	11652	9226	86738	13184	5641	10156	1764	21543	31995	34386	16795	9018	2667	4446	3743	33616	20194	9477	2176	1832
11	1317000.875	561232.9375	615427.25	140340.5938	2851113	79841	52446	12860	149850	16949	20044	26361	20082	30204	22154	32315	11724	7315	2306	21599	35824	29194	29403	56215	19162	26853	21187	2935	42041	10863	26532	13484	2482	11509	2967	8492	15910	28821	34221	11496	17895	8175	17765	10781	10353	72770	13360	7237	10219	3978	22671	29512	32217	17491	7171	2631	3628	4186	34868	22688	9426	2417	1912
13	1541888.125	674973.25	650828.6875	216086.2188	2793822	75850	48567	12779	143920	25273	19777	27331	20685	26609	23427	33671	12342	7224	1348	25663	38082	33576	30442	66898	22422	25740	24676	4059	35410	9247	32119	14188	4744	12239	2632	9064	16671	27635	34511	6891	17883	8933	17319	11896	10816	82430	15436	6624	10036	3858	29178	38270	33783	17404	8594	2480	3499	3662	32898	31611	9632	8876	11984
14	1148906	548720	458865.5	141320.5	2825930	64997	42167	16042	146070	22294	25914	29972	22447	28274	25153	32619	12886	6824	1896	32707	38824	34639	28722	67720	17200	25811	23945	4324	29602	10106	29721	11119	4532	9481	3999	9562	13468	25917	37792	6058	12661	7594	18939	12868	10682	86638	14238	9520	12297	3478	20905	31111	32977	12126	5750	2415	4297	4617	33982	28474	11473	14582	9808
15	1141749.125	525611.9375	461115.5313	155021.5938	2844550	62322	43420	14652	169722	23760	23661	26772	20212	27381	19273	32753	10766	6907	3524	24223	35489	32554	27474	58594	17231	28069	22112	3162	35857	9391	33298	10410	3089	7578	3513	9121	14861	28301	37811	7998	14382	7832	18369	11662	11809	79138	13044	7784	11275	2620	20510	31296	31576	15297	6870	2327	4115	4881	34773	26564	9841	9140	20277
16	1196047.75	497405.875	541644.625	156997.2188	2834970	70135	42443	13060	166075	21445	20792	27813	19017	29389	20433	32565	7338	7108	2719	22762	37186	29093	28495	60344	21337	26382	22793	4784	34799	9988	27211	13952	3957	9477	3781	8602	15052	30148	36778	7280	15887	7958	15349	11340	10296	87929	13933	4049	11647	2887	24170	27211	31508	18198	10228	2742	4743	4411	36706	25082	9999	11229	21655
17	1240134.5	475950	538198.75	225985.75	2861574	60619	50560	14097	138834	24917	22205	26244	22491	22177	23519	28438	12945	8442	2574	24724	39540	30612	28423	69752	17175	25595	22274	2630	33740	8227	32592	12018	2518	9603	2392	9484	16655	25780	36792	3755	14625	7544	17380	13189	11872	88429	15434	7334	10667	734	20069	34225	32232	15235	6164	1868	2692	4079	32801	25750	9536	10942	13531
19	1285788.5	441545	688279.25	155964.25	2897999	91640	56853	11520	160884	18074	15064	26686	18998	31809	22766	26952	10189	6709	2508	22011	42510	26978	29614	60896	20471	25696	13734	1219	33763	8610	30036	14206	2329	8454	2598	7352	17034	29486	31146	4249	15877	6818	14234	9734	10917	59761	13167	7720	8485	4104	18829	26860	28331	16051	6514	1081	2573	2294	32673	23116	5594	13443	12536
20	1160095	522435.25	532090.75	105569.0469	2917918	76640	56615	13451	79685	21498	18836	28819	20573	28981	24192	29005	9866	8051	2189	22218	40786	33341	28093	66717	19930	26548	22102	3247	42320	10284	28100	12525	1479	9872	3659	9117	17479	26934	38325	7812	14856	5538	19295	11253	12377	66556	13855	7280	10116	3033	21170	32541	29773	15181	6017	1949	3583	3300	27768	23383	9745	11979	16778
23	1175587.75	455001.25	538438.25	182148.25	2902381	65590	45294	12617	165022	19662	20486	24480	22110	27625	19547	30536	12201	6675	1291	16643	38618	31730	33487	58922	18041	26232	18759	2890	48445	8871	28013	14710	1457	5947	3108	9593	13607	28693	36465	8157	18242	7057	15952	10392	10680	40723	13445	7248	9769	3292	21760	30724	31892	15021	6244	1560	4140	4415	32799	22569	9947	16982	28884
24	1220229	501386.75	534759	184083.25	2840224	76497	44381	13297	156423	21944	23767	27126	20419	25753	23048	31045	11757	6923	2945	25418	35824	27450	28833	64101	19053	24491	21685	3824	30172	9286	29498	12203	4512	11217	3030	8311	15134	26110	35303	7024	16253	7341	19861	12387	11731	90219	13930	6977	10203	3273	19222	32573	29566	16158	7494	2998	4107	4639	30714	27547	10555	6164	14501
27	1546164.25	465992.75	803150.5	277021	2838690	63088	47893	14252	161256	22169	23912	29840	20198	32668	22948	29764	11547	7189	2367	27297	36565	32390	28182	68035	17677	24282	23601	3078	33431	9845	30203	12044	3602	10135	3262	9273	14037	28621	37432	6008	15502	7406	17759	11780	10172	76004	13971	7788	11352	3052	19780	30654	32530	13420	5896	2241	4183	3923	34218	27051	10313	16131	31871
28	1168390	534171	410005	224214	2898985	73646	45858	13623	111707	25352	20595	28312	23241	26104	22823	30935	11694	5477	4611	25209	35056	33177	28027	66028	18043	27799	20988	3918	31920	10652	29052	12130	3191	10378	3060	9476	13619	27312	35200	4619	14456	8371	17234	12484	9710	77499	16626	7859	9983	1852	19727	26152	29496	14001	7334	1980	2874	4122	34970	26753	10476	4477	5010
32	1297888	524578	579400	193910	2867436	68520	46957	14827	138058	27013	23012	29213	21114	28581	22884	29631	10677	6566	1238	25346	36378	34341	28780	65096	17583	29081	19955	4406	32915	7649	30985	11241	5039	8572	2114	10068	13669	27311	35584	6464	13105	7385	18493	14062	10478	78649	13587	9303	12083	3742	20993	33677	26526	12140	6834	2695	4203	4020	30075	25917	9505	4388	3796
34	1275327	532686	539831	202810	2837160	69018	47093	12368	139307	20155	18763	27313	19991	27992	24487	30467	9834	7547	2288	25156	40360	28445	32732	65504	19274	25680	24899	4596	39288	8192	28759	11896	3295	9142	3458	8985	16262	28723	38207	8469	17205	6873	17949	11437	9870	86692	11399	6726	11074	3952	20143	33508	33880	18655	8920	2927	4815	4494	33162	28042	8948	5991	5777
35	1528446	647185	643293	237968	2867858	63338	42023	13797	153425	24859	18507	27347	18700	27717	22470	31540	9613	7128	3905	21288	36349	30173	26811	58625	17599	26838	19868	4639	33912	9177	29924	11356	4239	9154	3624	9476	14942	26426	36540	7845	16081	8294	18116	13058	10438	84308	13738	6991	11778	2734	23670	34330	27863	17984	8498	2571	4237	3717	30416	27910	8012	5448	6854
38	1409718	427426	551786	430506	2806824	65469	43774	15159	176466	23509	21934	29002	18108	31747	18599	33435	9119	8519	2430	26722	40802	34160	28851	69413	18685	27466	22054	5079	35481	8544	27405	11279	3046	7857	3568	9790	13581	29145	37801	6460	13536	5925	13999	11448	10287	86856	14283	7131	11170	2400	23227	31222	34887	12538	7761	2895	4290	3969	34722	30732	11215	5086	6553
39	1099880	630056	148901	320923	2829497	61453	41116	13626	174206	21722	22915	27526	19145	30821	23308	32035	8172	7896	1314	22246	39637	31246	27533	63814	19119	29232	20952	4190	33361	6496	34358	9972	4033	6673	2641	8812	15220	27491	42895	8516	13470	6988	14884	11171	11184	86381	13330	6890	11734	2803	20506	30939	36445	17043	8126	2230	4240	3312	36061	26471	8379	4101	4731
40	1321243	513488	466319	341436	2831097	68782	43879	15061	135567	23184	20993	23885	22950	28568	24227	30424	12994	7875	3509	15266	40819	32640	31129	69231	20544	28255	19034	3889	38385	8581	35030	14143	4160	12698	3547	8777	15045	30175	37737	7491	15184	8995	16919	14231	9761	88143	15686	7311	9910	2792	19939	29722	31862	15690	6646	2349	3992	3085	35630	26173	12185	4073	5535
41	1200586	715684	188483	296419	2839652	88176	58155	15255	163348	21221	19251	28315	20748	31541	16582	30182	8988	6697	2252	11689	38884	31925	33488	60310	20567	27446	18762	3002	38700	6856	24890	12635	2637	7305	2229	9190	14704	31682	37074	6994	17575	7089	11570	12937	9293	81555	12618	8683	10133	4168	21516	30085	34406	12240	6516	2483	1828	1828	35188	24261	8472	4251	5921
42	1274869	751131	224085	299653	2832611	73120	48225	14522	172350	24380	21520	26298	19851	31146	18247	30285	6154	7437	2956	19825	35414	31200	30914	65795	19344	26855	18015	5129	34871	7766	30144	12021	3307	6435	2049	9723	14042	29176	36063	7124	16511	8252	14281	11554	9544	84419	11681	7355	11607	4077	21360	31017	34544	13209	7547	3468	4145	3337	37064	26488	10002	3741	3914
43	1243477	798507	194642	250328	2954709	56433	47121	13070	147784	15458	14622	26317	20615	29963	18179	29160	9639	5954	1651	18308	37460	29879	28847	59306	18432	28771	18278	495	45586	5026	29725	10199	1443	10228	573	9411	13730	28947	38001	8872	12814	7043	10737	10656	9700	58089	13290	9105	10213	3725	17695	28151	30653	15981	7167	1929	2479	2991	37351	21612	2203	2197	3031
44	1319813.75	678211	386157	255445.75	2857415	74349	54477	12230	113953	20964	19421	27845	24180	29624	23832	30677	13602	6824	2134	24585	42719	30945	34006	62663	21283	26328	22315	3850	44897	7695	30649	12867	2430	10622	1578	8843	10574	34177	38225	7674	19167	7546	20419	12712	11355	59599	12436	8463	10349	4650	21323	34110	32199	16562	7884	1088	3684	3717	31628	26957	9476	9230	16134
45	1191539	389295	609216	193028	2831052	67408	42048	13940	146622	24441	22036	30430	21732	28958	27218	30446	10729	8217	2755	26568	44074	33143	30383	68826	19143	25432	20323	4932	33871	8786	30672	13249	4238	10094	3127	9281	14410	29457	34837	5838	15419	6566	16732	14495	11098	75713	16048	8450	10510	3805	22093	30973	32850	11920	5871	1983	4468	3536	34646	28229	11655	3177	3868
46	1321693	742213	137475	442005	2836268	64741	43536	12567	172107	20752	23143	28706	22373	29187	24415	30208	10339	6834	2172	25719	40429	27833	27794	63859	19535	24720	22098	4346	33793	8884	28974	10067	3898	11483	3679	9438	14999	29747	36341	7086	14194	8174	16628	9786	10960	79095	12637	7356	10618	2474	20169	32000	35769	17348	7322	2450	4676	4710	34230	24078	9032	4328	5570

56 ROI Nomenclature

Index	Volume_Intensity down	ROI_Name
0	0	Background
1	21	L_superior_frontal_gyrus
41	22	R_superior_frontal_gyrus
19	23	L_middle_frontal_gyrus
2	24	R_middle_frontal_gyrus
26	25	L_inferior_frontal_gyrus
24	26	R_inferior_frontal_gyrus
34	27	L_precentral_gyrus
18	28	R_precentral_gyrus
42	29	L_middle_orbitofrontal_gyrus
32	30	R_middle_orbitofrontal_gyrus
37	31	L_lateral_orbitofrontal_gyrus
35	32	R_lateral_orbitofrontal_gyrus
45	33	L_gyrus_rectus
28	34	R_gyrus_rectus
21	41	L_postcentral_gyrus
33	42	R_postcentral_gyrus
17	43	L_superior_parietal_gyrus
11	44	R_superior_parietal_gyrus
39	45	L_supramarginal_gyrus
27	46	R_supramarginal_gyrus
5	47	L_angular_gyrus
46	48	R_angular_gyrus
49	49	L_precuneus
3	50	R_precuneus
31	61	L_superior_occipital_gyrus
44	62	R_superior_occipital_gyrus
55	63	L_middle_occipital_gyrus
47	64	R_middle_occipital_gyrus
29	65	L_inferior_occipital_gyrus
12	66	R_inferior_occipital_gyrus
50	67	L_cuneus
43	68	R_cuneus
9	81	L_superior_temporal_gyrus
54	82	R_superior_temporal_gyrus
7	83	L_middle_temporal_gyrus
48	84	R_middle_temporal_gyrus
15	85	L_inferior_temporal_gyrus
22	86	R_inferior_temporal_gyrus
13	87	L_parahippocampal_gyrus
40	88	R_parahippocampal_gyrus
20	89	L_lingual_gyrus
8	90	R_lingual_gyrus
10	91	L_fusiform_gyrus
38	92	R_fusiform_gyrus
56	101	L_insular_cortex
25	102	R_insular_cortex
36	121	L_cingulate_gyrus
6	122	R_cingulate_gyrus
51	161	L_caudate
14	162	R_caudate
23	163	L_putamen
30	164	R_putamen
52	165	L_hippocampus
53	166	R_hippocampus
4	181	cerebellum
16	182	brainstem

References

• Dinov ID, Petrosyan P, Liu Z, Eggert P, Hobel S, Vespa P, Woo Moon S, Van Horn JD, Franco J and Toga AW. (2014) High-throughput neuroimaging-genetics computational infrastructure. Front. Neuroinform., 8:41. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2014.00041

• Vespa, PM, McArthur, DL, Xu, Y, Eliseo, M, Etchepare, M, Dinov, I, Alger, J, Glenn, TP, Hovda, D. (2010) Nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury are associated with hippocampal atrophy. Neurology, 75: 792-798.

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