SOCR Data April2009 ID NI

Data Overview

Neuroimaging Data

The prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain in front of the premotor areas. Prefrontal cortex includes cytoarchitectonic layer IV and includes three regions: orbitofrontal (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior and ventral cingulate cortex. Human brains are much distinct from the brains of other primates and apes specifically in the prefrontal cortex. These structural differences induce significant functional abilities which may account for the significant associating, planning and strategic thinking in humans, compared to other primates. The study below investigated the quantitative differences between the PFC volumes across species and tissue types.

Data Description

• ICV – intracranial volume
• PFC – prefrontal cortex
• GM – gray matter
• Total – total volume
• WM – white matter
• SEM – standard error of the mean

Data: Total, GM and WM volumes of ICV and PFC across species

	Cerebrum ICV (mm3)			PFC (mm3)			% PFC/ICV
	Total	GM	WM	Total	GM	WM
Human	1206129	535956	670174	156443	82346	74097	12.97067
Bonobo	272837	125469	147368	25374	15382	9993	9.300058
Chimpanzee	277843	123858	153985	30324	17234	13091	10.91408
Gorilla	389681	170505	219176	41655	23419	18235	10.68951
Orangutan	333075	154293	178781	33763	21193	12570	10.13676
Gibbon	65938	32418	33520	6302	3994	2307	9.557463
Mangabey	82495	37985	44510	6599	3804	2794	7.999273
Baboon	130600	58615	71985	11660	6530	5130	8.928025
Macaca	69875	31841	38034	5579	2813	2766	7.984258
Capuchin	58581	29358	29223	5835	3293	2542	9.960567
Squirrel(monkey)	21542	9785	11756	1820	1094	727	8.448612

Data: Average percentage of cortical measure designated prefrontal

	Total (mm3)		GM (mm3)		WM (mm3)
	mean	SEM	mean	SEM	mean	SEM
Human	12.97	0.3	14.4	0.3	10.9	0.4
Bonobo	9.30	0.3	11.9	0.4	6.8	0.4
Chimpanzee	10.91	0.8	14.1	1.1	8.3	0.7
Gorilla	10.68	0.5	13.7	0.8	8.3	0.2
Orangutan	10.13	0.6	14.1	0.5	7.5	0.6
Gibbon	9.55	0.7	12.3	1.2	6.9	0
Mangabey	7.99	0.6	9.8	0.7	6.2	0.8
Baboon	8.92	1.4	11.2	0.5	7.5	2
Macaca	7.98	0.6	8.8	0.3	7.3	0.9
Capuchin	9.96	0.1	11.4	0.5	8.6	0.2
Squirrel(monkey)	8.44	0.6	10.6	1	6.3	0.3

References

• Schoenemann, PT., Sheehan, MJ., Glotzer, DL. (2005) Prefrontal white matter volume is disproportionately larger in humans than in other primates. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 242–252. doi:10.1038/nn1394.

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